Neuroscience
A Flick of Blue Light, a Nobel Prize: How Optogenetics Turned an Algal Protein Into a Brain Switch
The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine went to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel for optogenetics. Here is how…
What Anesthesia Does to the Brain and What It Tells Us
General anesthesia does not simply switch the brain off. It changes its rhythms, and how it does so tells researchers a lot…
What Is Consciousness? The Main Scientific Theories Compared
No theory of consciousness is agreed. Here are the leading scientific contenders, how they differ, and what a 2025 head-to-head test found.
Split-Brain Patients: What They Reveal About the Mind
Cutting the corpus callosum produced strange results and a lasting debate: does the brain hold one mind or two? The classic studies…
Do We Have Free Will? What Neuroscience and Philosophy Say
Brain experiments seem to show decisions begin before we are aware of them, yet the findings are disputed. A guide to the…
Are Animals Conscious? What Animal Consciousness Research Shows
Two scientist declarations say animals are probably conscious. Here is what they claim, how strong the evidence is for each group, and…